Clutches and torque converters

Clutches

The clutch is a vital component featured in manual and semi-automatic transmissions, enabling the transition between stationary and moving states.
A clutch connects and disconnects the engine from the wheels, allowing changes in speed and direction while the engine is running.
It is composed of several key components: pressure plate, friction plate, flywheel, and release mechanism.
The friction plate, coated with a high-friction material, is braced against the flywheel when the clutch is engaged, transmitting power to the wheels.
Pressing the clutch pedal disconnects the engine from the transmission by pulling the pressure plate away from the friction plate, which permits gear change.

Torque Converters

Torque converters are central to automatic transmissions, replacing the function of a clutch in these systems.
A torque converter enables automatic transmissions to change gears efficiently and smoothly by utilising hydraulic fluid.
The main components of a torque converter include the impeller, turbine, and stator.
The impeller, connected to the engine, pumps the hydraulic fluid towards the turbine, which is connected to the transmission.
As the speed of the engine increases, more fluid is pumped, causing the turbine to spin faster, which in turn changes the speed of the vehicle.
The stator, located in the center of the torque converter, redirects hydraulic fluid back towards the impeller to keep the converter efficient.
These components ensure the smooth operation of the vehicle and can significantly impact its performance.