Life in post-war Northern Ireland and Éire, 1945-49
Life in post-war Northern Ireland and Éire, 1945-49
Post-War Northern Ireland
Economical Aspects
- Northern Ireland faced economic difficulties post World War II due to the decline of its traditional industries like textiles, shipbuilding, and heavy engineering.
- There was a significantly high rate of unemployment as returning soldiers sought work, and traditional industries could not provide enough jobs.
- In response, the government initiated investment in new industries like car manufacturing and aircraft production.
Social Aspects
- There was a shift in social norms as a result of the war, with an increased number of women in the workforce who had taken up jobs during the war.
- Despite the end of the war, the sectarian tension remained high in Northern Ireland, often escalating into violence.
Political Aspects
- Northern Ireland remained part of the UK and was governed by the Unionist government, which was mainly protestant and favoured staying in the union.
- The nationalist minority, predominantly Catholic, faced discrimination in housing and employment and there were additional claims of gerrymandering to favour Unionist electoral areas.
Post-War Republic of Ireland (Éire)
Economical Aspects
- Éire remained neutral during World War II, which saved it from the destruction seen in other parts of Europe. However, the country was economically isolated and had a predominantly agricultural economy.
- Post-war, the government under leadership of Eamon de Valera sought to modernise the economy and encourage industrialisation.
Social Aspects
- There was a rise in the standard of living as the economy improved.
- Emigration was a significant issue, particularly to the UK and USA, due to lack of jobs and better opportunities overseas.
Political Aspects
- A referendum in 1945 regarding the ratification of the new constitution led to Ireland officially becoming a republic, Éire.
- The government launched a series of economic measures aimed at developing the Irish industry and reducing dependence on the UK.
- However, there was internal political strife and dissatisfaction with de Valera’s Fianna Fáil party, leading to the election of the first Inter-Party government in 1948.