Causes and consequences of uneven development at the global scale and within one low income country (LIC) and one newly industrialised country (NIC) – GCSE Geography Eduqas Revision

Causes and consequences of uneven development at the global

scale and within one low income country (LIC) and one newly industrialised country (NIC)

Historic exploitation has often played a part, with many LICs having been former colonies. This often created uneven power and wealth structures which persist today.
Trade Imbalances can propagate inequality. Some economies, particularly in LICs, are heavily dependent on a small number of primary commodities for their exports. This can make them vulnerable to fluctuations in global prices.
Debt Repayment can cause uneven development. Although debt cancellation initiatives have been put forward by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), some LICs spend more earnings on debt repayment than on healthcare or education.
Factors such as corruption, war, and political instability can also hinder development.

Migration is one result of uneven development, with individuals moving from LICs to HICs in search of better opportunities.
Uneven development can lead to overpopulation in urban areas as people migrate from rural areas in search of employment. This can lead to the growth of sprawling slums or shanty towns.
Inequality can deepen as development lags behind in some areas. This can lead to increased tensions and even conflict between different socio-economic groups.

Environmental factors such as frequent drought, land degradation, and deforestation contribute to Ethiopia’s development challenges.
High population growth rate, coupled with a largely agrarian economy, exacerbates poverty and food insecurity.
Political factors like corruption, conflict, and inadequate governance systems also play a part.

Urbanisation is a significant consequence. As more people move to the cities for work, this can result in the formation of large informal settlements or slums.
As the economy has developed, competition for land and resources has increased, leading to disenfranchisement of rural and indigenous communities.
Environmental degradation such as air pollution, over-exploitation of groundwater, and waste management issues have become significant challenges as the country industrialises.