Organic Chemistry: Fuels

Organic Chemistry: Fuels

Understanding Fuels

• Fuels are substances that can be burned to give off energy.

• Note that hydrocarbons are a type of organic molecule frequently used as fuel.

• Carbon and hydrogen make up these organic molecules.

Fossil Fuels

• Understand that fossil fuels are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals over millions of years.

• Realise that coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

Combustion of Fuels

• Know that the combustion of fuels provides heat energy and this process requires oxygen from the air.

• Remember that complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide and water.

• Be aware that incomplete combustion can lead to the formation of carbon monoxide, a toxic gas.

Environmental Impact

• Recognise that burning fossil fuels contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

• Know that other pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain.

• Understand that some fuels may contain impurities which form solid particles, or particulates, when burned. These can cause respiratory problems and contribute to air pollution.

Alternative Fuels

• Realise that biofuels produced from plants or animal waste are a renewable alternative to fossil fuels.

• Understand that hydrogen gas is a potential non-renewable fuel as it produces only water when burned.

• Be familiar with the concept of solar energy and wind power as clean sources of energy. They do not produce harmful pollutants when used as energy sources.