Nanoparticles

What are Nanoparticles?

  • Nanoparticles are particles that are between 1 and 100 nanometres in size.
  • They can be made from a wide variety of materials including metals, semi-conductors, or organic compounds.
  • The structure of nanoparticles may vary, they could be fullerenes (hollow spheres), tubes, or other shapes.
  • Nanoparticles have a high surface area to volume ratio which gives them different properties to the same material in bulk form.

Properties of Nanoparticles

  • The high surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles gives them enhanced reactivity.
  • Due to their small size, they can pass through cell membranes, making them useful in medicine for targeted drug delivery.
  • They can be applied in catalysis to speed up chemical reactions. The large surface area allows a greater proportion of the reactant particles come into contact with the catalyst.
  • Nanoparticles can also improve the strength and flexibility of materials without adding much weight, which is advantageous in industries such as aerospace.

Uses of Nanoparticles

  • In medicine, nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, improved imaging, and innovative therapies for diseases such as cancer.
  • They are used in environmental science to remove pollutants from water and air.
  • In the electronics industry, nanoparticles are used for their ability to conduct electricity and create lightweight materials.
  • In many consumer products such as sunscreens and cosmetics, nanoparticles are used for their ability to block UV rays while being virtually invisible on the skin.

Potential Risks of Nanoparticles

  • There are concerns that nanoparticles could have toxic effects on human health and the environment.
  • Their small size and reactivity could pose risks if they are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with skin.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the potential impact of nanoparticles on human health and the environment.

Key Points of Understanding

  • Understand the definitions and characteristics of nanoparticles.
  • Be aware of the different properties and uses of nanoparticles.
  • Recognize the potential risks associated with the use of nanoparticles, and the need for further research.