Technological Terms

Technological Terms

Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)

  • DAWs are software applications used for producing, editing, and recording music.
  • Examples include Cubase, Logic Pro X, and Ableton.
  • DAWs provide a variety of tools like sequencers, mixers, and virtual synthesisers.

Audio Interfaces

  • Audio interfaces are hardware devices that allow audio gear to communicate with your computer and DAW.
  • They convert analog signals to digital (A/D conversion) and digital signals back to analog (D/A conversion).
  • Audio interfaces connect to your computer via USB, Firewire or Thunderbolt.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

  • MIDI allows electronic musical instruments, computers, and other devices to connect and communicate with one another.
  • MIDI does not transmit an audio signal — it sends digital note information (such as pitch and velocity).
  • MIDI data can be used to trigger virtual instruments within your DAW.

Sample Rates

  • Sample rate refers to the number of samples of digital audio that are taken per second.
  • Common sample rates include 44100 Hz (CD quality), 48000 Hz (DVD quality), and 96000 Hz.
  • Higher sample rates can reproduce higher frequencies, yet they also require more storage space.

Bit Depth

  • Bit depth refers to the number of bits of data in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample.
  • Typical bit depths include 16-bit (CD quality) and 24-bit (professional audio).
  • Greater bit depth means more dynamic range, leading to a clearer and more detailed sound.

Mixing and Mastering

  • Mixing is the process of combining multiple individual tracks into a stereo mix.
  • Mastering is the final step to balance the different elements of a mix and ensuring it will sound good on all playback systems.
  • Tools used in mixing and mastering include equalisation, compression, reverb, and limiting.