Drugs from Plants
Origins of Drugs from Plants
- Throughout history, humans have utilised plant-based compounds for their medicinal properties.
- A significant percentage of modern medicines are derived, either directly or indirectly, from plant sources.
- Plants produce a range of chemicals known as secondary metabolites which can exhibit pharmacological effects.
Extraction Methods
- Extraction methods are used to isolate and concentrate the potentially beneficial compounds from plant materials.
- Common methods include boiling, steaming, or soaking plant material in water or alcohol. The resulting liquid often contains the desired compound.
- Technological advancements have allowed for more efficient and effective methods of extraction, such as cold pressing and co2 extraction.
Examples of Plant-derived Drugs
Digitalis
- Found in foxglove plants, digitalis is used in treating heart conditions.
- This compound strengthens heart contractions and controls heart rate.
Aspirin
- Initially derived from willow bark, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is used as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent.
- It works by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins, substances which cause inflammation and pain.
Paclitaxel
- Derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, paclitaxel is used in chemotherapy treatments.
- It works by interfering with normal microtubule breakdown during cell division, preventing the cancer cells from dividing and thus stopping their growth.
Advances & Ethical Considerations
- Given our increasing understanding of plants and their bioactive compounds, the development of new plant-based drugs is a growing field of study.
- However, the excessive and unsustainable use of plant resources for drug discovery poses ethical considerations related to biodiversity conservation.
- Ensuring sustainable practices in harvesting, cultivating and producing plant-derived drugs is crucial for both ecological and social reasons.