Signal Generators and Oscilloscopes

Introduction to Signal Generators

Signal generators produce electronic signals with set characteristics such as frequency, amplitude, and waveform.
They are used to test, design, and calibrate electronic devices by supplying a range of signals that the device might encounter in normal operation.

Types of Signal Generators

Function generators can produce a variety of waveforms including sine, square, and triangle waves.
Arbitrary waveform generators can create any wave shape within their bandwidth range.
Other specific signal generators include Sweep generators, Pulse generators, and Microwave signal generators.

Key Parameters of Signal Generators

The frequency range defines the limits within which the signal generator can produce signals.
Amplitude is the magnitude of the generated signal.
Waveform describes the shape of the wave – common waveforms include sine, square, triangular, and sawtooth waves.
Characteristics like modulation and output impedance also influence the produced signal.

Basics of Oscilloscopes

An oscilloscope is an electronic device that graphically displays varying signal voltages, which can be either potential differences plotted over time or in comparison to another signal.
It is commonly used to observe the precise wave shape of an electrical signal.

Types of Oscilloscopes

Analog oscilloscopes work by varying the voltage to alter the direction of a beam of electrons.
Digital oscilloscopes convert the input signal into a digital format which can be manipulated and displayed on a screen.
Storage oscilloscopes have the ability to capture and ‘store’ signals for later viewing and analysis.

Key Features of Oscilloscopes

Channels refer to the number of inputs that an oscilloscope has. Most have two or four.
The bandwidth of an oscilloscope is the maximum frequency that can be accurately measured.
Sample rate is the frequency at which the oscilloscope samples the input signal.
Oscilloscopes have triggering capabilities, which allow a specific event to be isolated and examined in detail.

Using an Oscilloscope

Oscilloscopes are used in electronics design and testing to measure and inspect signal voltages.
They can reveal issues like signal noise, signal jitter, and voltage levels.
Calibration is important when using an oscilloscope, to ensure accurate portrayals of the waveform.

Signal Generation and Observation in Electronics Testing

Signal generators and oscilloscopes are fundamental to electronics testing, aiding in the design, optimisation, and troubleshooting of electronic circuits.
Signal generators create electronic signals for testing purposes, while oscilloscopes visualise these signals to evaluate the performance of electronic devices.
Understanding how to use these tools and interpreting their output is vital for successful electronics design and testing.