Language Level 6: Discourse

Discourse refers to the way language is used and structured to communicate ideas and concepts. It comprehends a range of linguistic aspects, including grammar, semantics, phonology, and comprehension processes.
Discourse Analysis involves the examination of language beyond the sentence or clause, encompassing larger units of communication such as texts and conversations.
Coherence and Cohesion are key aspects of discourse. Coherence refers to the logical and orderly relation of ideas in a text, while Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links within a text.
Speech, writing, conversations and arguments are examples of discourses. Each type of discourse has its unique set of rules and conventions that govern its usage.
Your interpretation of discourse will often need to consider the context in which it is being used. This might include the specific situation, social setting, or cultural environment.
Discourses can be analysed at a micro and macro level. Micro-level analysis could involve looking at the use of certain words or phrases, or the construction of sentences. Macro-level analysis could involve looking at the structure of an entire argument or the overall flow of a conversation.
There are various methods to analyse discourse. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) for example, aims to reveal the power relations in a dialogue, asserting that language plays a significant role in shaping societal rules and norms.
In written discourse, punctuation, sentence structure, and paragraphing play significant roles in organising and linking ideas.
Discourse markers are words or phrases that manage the flow and structure of discourse. They can indicate a contrast, a concession, a cause, or a consequence, among others.
A multimodal discourse extends the concept of discourse to include multiple forms of communication. It includes not just language, but also other modes such as images, sounds, and body language.
The principles of discourse heavily influence public speaking, writing, argumentation, and even casual conversation.

Note: Understanding discourse and its components is fundamental for future educational or professional avenues in journalism, teaching, writing, and communication. Practice analysing different types of discourses to improve your comprehension skills.