Fine Art: Painting

Section: Basics of Painting

Painting is a fine art practice which involves applying colour to a solid surface using a medium.
Medium in the context of painting refers to the substance used to carry the colour, such as oil, watercolour, or acrylic.
Support refers to the surface onto which the paint is applied, which could comprise canvas, paper, wood, or metal.
Chiaroscuro is a technique used in painting to create a strong contrast between light and dark, which adds depth and volume to the objects depicted.

Colour is an essential aspect of painting, creating moods, producing effects, and conveying messages.
Form encompasses the visible shapes and structures in a painting, including both positive and negative space.
The composition refers to the arrangement of visual elements within a painting, guiding the viewer’s eye.
Texture in painting can be either visual (implied texture) or tactile (actual physical texture), adding dimension to the work.

Glazing is a technique where thin layers of transparent paint are applied, creating depth and luminosity.
Impasto is a technique that involves thickly layering paint, so it seems to come out of the canvas.
The wash or watering technique (mostly used in watercolor painting) involves applying thin and mostly transparent colour layers.
Underpainting involves applying an initial layer of paint to provide a base for subsequent layers and can add richness to the final image.

Portrait painting primarily depicts a person or animal with an emphasis on the face and feelings.
Landscape painting features natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.
Abstract painting does not attempt to depict an accurate visual reality but instead seeks to evoke emotion through colours, shapes and textures.
Still life painting depicts inanimate subject matter, typically household items, food or flowers.

When evaluating a painting, consider the use of colour and contrast, and how they affect the mood and meaning of the work.
Look at the composition: how have the elements been arranged? Are they in balance?
Analyse the implied narrative or symbolism, even in abstract works, as this can reveal the artist’s intention or message.
Consider the technical execution – how well the artist has used the medium and techniques available to them.
Lastly, ponder on the emotional and intellectual impact of the work on you as the viewer.