Carbohydrates

Understanding Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are one of the primary sources of energy for the body. They are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen hence the name ‘carbo-hydrates’.
• They are primarily sourced from plant-based foods but can be found in dairy products. Foods rich in carbohydrates include grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes and dairy products.

• Carbohydrates can be categorised into three main types: sugars, starches, and fibre.

• Sugars are short-chain carbohydrates found in foods. Examples include glucose, fructose, galactose and sucrose.

• Starches are long chains of glucose molecules, eventually broken down into glucose in the digestive system.

• Fibre refers to different types of carbohydrates that cannot be digested in the small intestine. Instead, some fibre is digested in the large intestine helping to regulate the body’s use of sugars.

The Role of Carbohydrates in the Body

• Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are the main source of energy for brain function and physical activity.
• They act as a fuel for the nervous system and help in the functioning of muscles.
• Dietary fibre, a complex carbohydrate, aids in digestion, helps to keep our bowels healthy and makes us feel full which can help control weight.
• They play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Good Carbs vs Bad Carbs

• Good carbohydrates are usually rich in fibre, like whole grains and vegetables, and take longer to break down into glucose.
• Bad carbohydrates, such as those in sugary drinks, sweets, and many processed foods, can lead to weight gain and potentially contribute to type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
• It is healthier to focus on the quality rather than the quantity of carbohydrates by choosing carbohydrates full of fibre.

Remember, a balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and should contain an appropriate mix of different types of carbohydrates.