Basic Elements of Geometry

Understanding the concept of points. A point is the most basic geometric element and represents a position.
An understanding of a line is vital. It is defined as a series of points that continues indefinitely in both directions.
Know what a plane is, which is a flat surface extending infinitely in all directions.
Familiarising yourself with line segments and rays. A line segment is a portion of a line, bounded by two endpoints. A ray has one endpoint and continues indefinitely in one direction.
Endpoints are the points where a line or line segment starts or ends.
Knowing the distinction between parallel lines and intersecting lines. Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that will never meet. Intersecting lines are lines that cross at a single point.

Shapes and Solids

Understanding circles. A circle is made up of set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a single point known as the centre.
Know what a polygon is, a 2D shape formed by straight lines.
Understanding different types of polygons, such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons.
Familiarisation with spheres, cubes, cylinders, and cones.

Identify various properties including length, perimeter, area, and volume.
Knowing how to calculate these properties for various shapes and solids.

Understanding how to measure angles.
Knowing the types of angles: acute, right, obtuse, straight, reflex and complete.
Identify and understand rotation, reflexion, translation, and enlargement.
Know how to use the distance and midpoint formulas.
Interpretation and application of scale factors and scale drawings.

Familiarity with the Pythagoras’ Theorem and its application in finding lengths in right-angled triangles.
Understanding of trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, and tangent.
Application of trigonometric ratios to find lengths and angles in right-angled triangles.
Understanding of the concept and application of exact trigonometric ratios.