Filmmakers' Theories

Filmmakers’ Theories: An Introduction

• Film theories are practical and conceptual tools used by filmmakers to analyse and interpret films.
• Filmmakers often use these theories when creating their own films, especially documentary films.

Different schools of thought

Cinema Verité

• Cinema Verité, or ‘Truthful Cinema’, emphasises naturalistic techniques.
• This theory utilises spontaneous action and available light to present a documentary that appears to be an unmediated look at reality.
• It embraces the authenticity of capturing life as it unfolds, often abandoning traditional narrative structures.

Propaganda Theory

• Propaganda Theory involves the use of film to manipulate or influence audience opinion.
• This theory is significant in discussing how documentary films can be used as political tools.
• Propaganda documentary filmmakers might utilise emotional appeals, assert unstated assumptions, and exaggerate or ignore information.

Structuralist Film Theory

• Structuralist Film Theory examines the structure of films and how they convey meaning.
• Structuralists believe that ‘reality’ is constructed by the film rather than being simply captured by it.
• This theory raises questions about how documentary films constitute ‘reality’ and how they use structures to shape narrative and perspective.

Theories in Practice

• Filmmakers will not strictly follow one theoretical approach, instead, blending elements of different theories to create their unique approach.
• An understanding of these theories informs the analysis and understanding of various documentary styles.
• When examining a documentary, consider not just the content, but how the filmmakers have chosen to present their material. This often ties into or is influenced by their theoretical approach.

The Impact of Theory

• Acknowledge the power a filmmaker has in shaping audience perspective and communicate a specific message or argument.
• Filmmakers’ choices in following certain theories can significantly impact the style, structure, and meaning within their film.
• Understand how the use of different film theories can further criticism and academic discourse on documentary films.