Controlling Water Content
The Importance of Controlling Water Content
- An optimum level of water is needed for cell function and survival.
- Water is lost from the body through: sweating, urination, breathing, and faeces.
- If an organism consumes or loses too much water, osmoregulation helps to maintain water balance.
The Role of the Kidneys
- Kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by filtering blood and forming urine.
- They balance the water and electrolyte content to maintain the body’s water balance and blood pressure.
The Role of the Hypothalamus
- The hypothalamus in the brain monitors the water content of the blood.
- If blood becomes too concentrated, the hypothalamus causes the release of a hormone called Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH).
The Role of ADH
- ADH is released from the pituitary gland and stimulates the kidney to reabsorb more water, thus, reducing urine output.
- When ADH levels decrease, less water is reabsorbed by the kidneys, and more water is lost through urine.
Dehydration and Overhydration
- Dehydration is a condition caused by the excessive loss of body water. It leads to dizziness, headaches, and potentially life-threatening disturbances in brain or heart function if severe.
- Overhydration can occur if someone drinks water too quickly or in large amounts. It can lead to brain swells, seizures, respiratory arrest, coma, or death.
Dialysis Treatment
- Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This technique helps those with kidney failure to artificially control water and electrolyte balance.
- However, dialysis treatment is a temporary solution, and a kidney transplant is often necessary for long-term survival.
Summary of the Process
- In summary, maintaining water balance involves many different components of the body.
- The process is a complex interaction between the brain, endocrine system, and kidneys.
- Disruption in this process can lead to serious health issues, emphasizing the importance of homeostasis in regulating body functions.