The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

The Cell Cycle Overview

The cell cycle is the process cells go through to divide.
Cells divide to repair damaged tissues, for growth, and to reproduce.
The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis.

Interphase

Interphase is the first phase and constitutes the majority of the cell cycle.
During interphase, the cell grows, its DNA is replicated so that each new cell will have a complete set of DNA, and it prepares for cell division.
It’s divided into three stages: the G1 (Growth 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Growth 2) stages.

Mitosis

Mitosis is the second phase of the cell cycle, it’s the process of cell division.
It’s divided into five stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
During prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears, and chromosomes condense and become visible.
In metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
During anaphase, the chromosomes separate to opposite ends of the cell.
In telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.
Finally, during cytokinesis, the cell itself splits into two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

The Importance of Cell Cycle Regulation

The cell cycle is carefully controlled to ensure cells divide correctly. This control is known as cell cycle regulation.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are proteins that control the cell cycle.
If the cell cycle is not properly regulated, it can result in errors and lead to diseases like cancer.

Remember, understanding the cell cycle is not just about remembering the stages, it’s about appreciating the complexity and control that goes into one cell dividing into two. This process is happening continuously throughout your body, facilitating growth and repair.