Hormones for Fertility and Contraception

Hormones for Fertility and Contraception

Hormones Involved in Fertility

Types of Hormones

  • The reproductive system is regulated by a variety of hormones including FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), oestrogen and progesterone.
  • FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland, while oestrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovary.

Role of FSH

  • FSH is responsible for the maturation of follicles in the ovary during the menstrual cycle.
  • FSH also stimulates the production of oestrogen.

Role of LH

  • LH triggers ovulation, the release of a mature egg from an ovary.
  • It also stimulates the production of progesterone from the corpus luteum, the remnant of the follicle after ovulation.

Role of Oestrogen

  • Oestrogen prepares the uterus for implantation by thickening the endometrium (uterine wall).
  • High levels of oestrogen also inhibit the production of FSH, creating a negative feedback loop.

Role of Progesterone

  • Progesterone further prepares the uterus for implantation and helps maintain the endometrium throughout pregnancy.
  • It also inhibits the production of FSH and LH, preventing the maturation and release of more eggs during pregnancy.

Hormones for Contraception

Role of Hormones in Contraception

  • Oral contraceptives often contain versions of oestrogen and progesterone.
  • These contraceptives inhibit the production of FSH and LH through negative feedback mechanisms, preventing ovulation and therefore preventing pregnancy.

Hormonal Contraceptive Methods

  • Combined Pill: This contains synthetic versions of both oestrogen and progesterone. It’s taken for 21 days followed by a 7-day break.
  • Progestogen-only Pill: Also known as the ‘mini pill’, this contains only synthetic progesterone and must be taken every day.
  • Contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, and injections: These methods slowly release synthetic oestrogen and/or progesterone into the bloodstream.

Understanding the role of hormones in fertility and contraception is crucial to understanding how both natural and artificial methods can regulate the reproductive system.