Alloys

Alloys are mixtures of metals combined to improve their properties.

Intermetallic compounds are formed when atoms of different metals combine in a particular ratio, forming a solid solution.
Expanding upon the term mixture, it’s important to note that an alloy isn’t chemically combined but mixed physically. Hence, the properties of the constituent metals are not lost but enhanced or modified.

Formation

Alloys are formed by heating the constituent metals to a temperature at which they become molten, followed by thorough mixing and cooling.
During the production of alloys, small amounts of impurities might be added intentionally to alter the properties of the alloy.

Alloys often have superior qualities compared to their constituent metals including increased hardness, improved corrosion resistance and enhanced ductility.
The properties of alloys are superior due to the distortion of the regular metal lattice structure, which happens when atoms of different sizes are introduced into the lattice.

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It’s harder and stronger than iron due to the presence of carbon, which distorts the iron lattice.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, known for its high malleability and acoustic properties, which make it ideal for musical instruments.
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, known for its hardness and durability, making it ideal for tools and weaponry.
Solder is an alloy of lead and tin, which melts at a low temperature and is used to join electrical components.

Alloys are important in many industries, including construction, manufacturing, and jewelry due to their enhanced properties.
They also have significant applications in aerospace, medicine and automotive industries due to their strength, lightness and resistance to corrosion.