Electric Charge Flow

Electric charge is a fundamental property that causes matter to experience a force in an electromagnetic field.
Subatomic particles such as electrons and protons carry electric charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged.
Neutrons do not have electric charge, which is why they are neutral.
The common symbol Q is used to denote electric charge in calculations.

Electric charges generate electric fields, and they can move in response to these fields. This movement of charges constitutes an electric current.
In a conductor, such as a metal wire, electric current is usually due to the flow of electrons.
Despite electrons being negatively charged, by convention, the direction of electric current is taken as the direction in which positive charges would move.
Electric current is measured in amperes (A).

The Law of Charge Conservation states that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant.
This means that charges can move from one place to another, but the total amount of charge in the system does not change.

In an electrical circuit, the flow of electric charge is driven by a power source such as a battery or a generator.
Electrical devices, like lamps or motors, use this flow of charge to perform work.
The charge flow (current) can be controlled in circuits using devices like resistors, capacitors, and transistors.
The behavior of electric circuits is described by Ohm’s law and other fundamental principles.

Moving electric charges can transfer energy. This is the principal behind many everyday devices, from electric heaters to light bulbs.
Current flowing through a resistor, for example, will cause the resistor to heat up. This is due to the transfer of energy from the flowing charges to the material of the resistor.