Simple Circuits

An electric circuit is a complete path through which electric current can flow.
Circuits can be drawn using circuit diagrams, which consist of symbols representing different circuit elements, such as resistors, batteries, and switches.

A power source such as a battery or generator provides the electric potential energy needed to make the current flow.
Conducting wires are used to connect the components of the circuit. They are typically made of metals like copper, which is a good conductor of electricity.
An electric load, like a light bulb or a motor, uses the electric energy provided by the power source.
A switch allows to control the current flow in the circuit. When the switch is open, no current flows; when it’s closed, current can flow.

Current in a simple circuit flows from the positive terminal (higher potential) to the negative terminal (lower potential) of the power source. This is known as conventional current flow.
The amount of current in a circuit is equal everywhere, provided the circuit is not branched. This is a consequence of the conservation of charge.
The total electric potential energy (or voltage) supplied by the power source is shared between the different components in the circuit. This is known as the conservation of energy.
Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, and inversely proportional to its resistance (I = V/R).

Ammeters are used to measure current in a circuit and are placed in series with the component they measure.
Voltmeters are used to measure voltage and are placed in parallel with the component they measure.
It’s important to connect these meters correctly. Incorrectly connecting an ammeter in parallel can cause a short circuit, which could damage the meter and potentially pose a safety risk.

Circuit breakers and fuses are safety devices used in electrical circuits. They protect the circuit by interrupting the current flow if it exceeds a safe level.
A resistor in an electric circuit creates resistance which aids in controlling the current flowing in the circuit.
Always ensure to work within the voltage and current ratings of your components and avoid touching a live circuit.