Speed-time and Distance-time Graphs

Distance-Time Graphs:
- A distance-time graph represents how an object’s position changes over time.
- The slope of a line on a distance-time graph represents speed.
- A horizontal line indicates that the object is stationary - it is not moving; its distance remains constant over time.
- When the line goes upwards, it indicates that the object is moving in a positive direction.
- A steeper slope indicates a higher speed.
- Curves on distance-time graphs mean the speed of the object is changing (acceleration or deceleration).
Speed-Time (or Velocity-Time) Graphs:
- A speed-time graph shows how an object’s speed changes over a given period of time.
- A horizontal line on this graph suggests constant speed; the object’s speed is not changing.
- If the line slopes upwards, it indicates the object is accelerating; its speed is increasing.
- If the line slopes downwards, it shows deceleration (negative acceleration), which means the object is slowing down.
- The steeper the slope, the greater the acceleration or deceleration.
- The area under the graph line indicates the distance travelled.
Calculating Speed, Distance and Time:
- Recall the basic distance/speed/time relationships: Distance equals Speed multiplied by Time (D=S*T), Speed equals Distance divided by Time (S=D/T), and Time equals Distance divided by Speed (T=D/S).
Understanding Acceleration:
- Acceleration is a measure of how quickly velocity is changing.
- Acceleration can be calculated by subtracting the initial velocity from the final velocity, and then dividing by the time taken for this change.
- The unit of measurement for acceleration is metres per second² (m/s²).
- A negative acceleration (or deceleration) means an object is slowing down.
- On a velocity-time graph, the acceleration of an object is represented by the slope of the line.
- A steeper slope indicates a higher acceleration. A flat line shows no acceleration. A downward slope indicates deceleration.
Real World Practical Applications:
- Understanding these concepts and being able to read these types of graphs is essential in many fields of physics, including kinematics and dynamics. For example, in sports science, velocity-time graphs can be used to analyse the performance of athletes.
- Distance-time and speed-time graphs also form the basis for understanding more complex equations of motion.

All of these points are vital for mastering the concepts of distance, speed and acceleration. They must be understood thoroughly and practised regularly for complete understanding.