Ecology: Decay and the Carbon Cycle

Ecology: Decay and the Carbon Cycle

Decay Processes

  • Decomposers are organisms that break down dead plant and animal matter, returning essential nutrients to the environment.
  • Detritivores, including dung beetles and earthworms, consume dead and decaying matter, breaking it into smaller pieces and aiding decomposition.
  • Microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, further the decomposition process by secreting enzymes that digest the decaying material.
  • Decomposition is faster under warm, moist conditions, as they favour the growth and activity of decomposing organisms.
  • Anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) lead to partial decay of organic materials, producing materials such as peat.

The Carbon Cycle

  • The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is circulated amongst the air, organisms, earth and oceans.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis by green plants and algae.
  • The carbon is then incorporated into organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids which make up the bodies of living organisms.
  • When animals eat plants, the carbon from the plant becomes part of the fats and proteins in the animal’s body.
  • Carbon is returned to the environment through respiration, death and decay of organisms, and combustion of organic materials.
  • Respiration in all organisms releases CO2 back into the atmosphere.
  • When organisms die and decompose, the carbon in their bodies is returned to the environment.
  • Combustion of organic material, such as wood and fossil fuels, releases CO2 back into the atmosphere.
  • The carbon cycle is critical for life as it ensures a continuous supply of carbon to all living organisms.

Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle

  • Humans have significantly influenced the carbon cycle with activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
  • Burning fossil fuels releases carbon that has been locked away for millions of years, increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
  • Deforestation reduces the number of trees available to take up CO2 via photosynthesis, again leading to an increase in atmospheric CO2.
  • This increase in atmospheric CO2 is one of the main contributors to global climate change due to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
  • Mitigation strategies include reducing fossil fuel use, implementing carbon capture and storage technologies, reforestation, and promoting sustainable practices.