Inheritance: Genetic Disorders

Overview of Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders are illnesses or conditions caused by abnormalities in a person’s genome.
These disorders can be categorised into single-gene disorders, chromosomal disorders, or complex disorders.

Single-Gene Disorders

Single-gene disorders arise from changes or mutations in the DNA sequence of one gene.
These changes can be inherited from one or both parents, or they can occur randomly.
Examples of single-gene disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia, and Huntington’s disease.

Chromosomal Disorders

Chromosomal disorders occur when chromosomes, or parts of chromosomes, are missing or altered.
These disorders can be identified by an atypical number of chromosomes or an abnormal chromosome structure.
Examples include Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, and Turner syndrome, which occurs when a female is missing an X chromosome.

Complex Disorders

Complex disorders are caused by combinations of alterations in multiple genes, often coupled with environmental influences.
These disorders are not attributable to a single mutation, but instead are the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Examples include heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Importance of Genetic Disorders in Inheritance

Understanding genetic disorders elucidates how traits can be passed from generation to generation.
Genetic disorders give invaluable insight into the functioning of the human genome and how errors can lead to disease.
Studying these disorders also aids in the development of potential treatments and can shed light on the prevention of harmful mutations.

To understand genetic disorders, it’s important to grasp the basics of inheritance and the structure of DNA and genes. By understanding what goes wrong during genetic disorders, you can gain a clearer understanding of how these complex processes usually work correctly.