Role of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals in human diet

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients and the largest source of energy in most diets. They are made up of sugar, starch and fibre.
Simple carbohydrates such as sugar, honey and fruits provide instant energy as they are quickly digested and absorbed.
Complex carbohydrates like whole grains, peas and lentils provide sustained energy as they take time to digest, leading to a slower release of energy.
Dietary fibre, a form of complex carbohydrate, contributes to digestive health by maintaining bowel health and regularity.

Proteins are essential nutrients and are considered the building blocks of life. They are composed of amino acids, some of which are essential as the body cannot make them and must acquire them from food intake.
Proteins are vital to cell growth, repair and maintenance. They are involved in the creation of new cells and the repair of damaged ones, which is crucial for muscle mass and healing.
Proteins also play a crucial role in making necessary chemicals in the body such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
A lack of sufficient protein in the diet slows down these processes and can lead to muscle wasting and a weakened immune system.

Vitamins are essential organic compounds required in small amounts to sustain life. Most vitamins need to be consumed in the diet because they can’t be manufactured by the body.
Vitamins have various functions in the body, including oration and maintenance of tissues, the regulation of bodily processes, and the conversion of food into energy.
For example, vitamin A maintains eye health and boosts the immune system, vitamin B helps in energy production and cell functioning, and vitamin C aids in healing and helps the body absorb iron.
Insufficient intakes of certain vitamins may lead to deficiency diseases. For instance, lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to bone deformities such as rickets in children.

Minerals are inorganic substances that are required for the body to function correctly. Like vitamins, they can’t be produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
Minerals like calcium and phosphorus are necessary for healthy bones and teeth. Iron is essential for red blood cells production, it is commonly found in meat and pulses.
Potassium maintains fluid balance and helps transmit nerve impulses, while zinc aids in metabolism and wound healing.
Deficiencies in certain minerals can lead to health problems. For example, a lack of iron can lead to anemia, which is characterized by decreased energy levels and difficulty maintaining temperature regulation.
It’s critical to understand the appropriate amounts needed for each nutrient appreciating the value of balanced nutrition. Consuming too much of certain nutrients can also lead to health problems. For instance, overconsumption of sodium, commonly found in table salt, can contribute to high blood pressure.