Mastering

Overview of Mastering

  • Mastering is the final step in audio production aimed at preparing the mix for distribution.
  • It involves refining the mix and ensuring it will sound consistent and high-quality across various playback systems.
  • The process typically includes equalisation, compression, limiting, stereo widening, and sequencing tracks for an album.

Equalisation (EQ)

  • This is the process of adjusting the balance of frequencies within an audio signal.
  • During mastering, unique EQ curves may be applied to correct any imbalances in the frequency spectrum of the mix.
  • This helps achieve a clearer, brighter, and more vibrant sound.

Compression

  • A tool used to control the dynamic range of the audio, or the difference between the loudest and quietest parts.
  • Careful use of compression during mastering can maintain dynamic interest while preventing distortion or imbalance in the overall mix.
  • However, over-compression often leads to a lack of dynamic range, creating a result that sounds too loud and squeezed, known as the “loudness war” effect.

Limiting

  • A form of heavy compression that prevents the audio from exceeding a certain level.
  • This is generally used to increase the overall perceived loudness of the mix.
  • It is important, however, to not overly limit the tracks as it may strip away dynamic depth and detail from the mix.

Stereo Widening

  • This is used to enhance the stereo image of a mix, creating a greater sense of space and depth.
  • This can make certain elements seem wider and more immersive, but it should be used carefully to avoid phasiness or a mix that sounds too thin.

Sequencing

  • Arranging the tracks on an album in the desired order.
  • It is important to consider the flow between tracks, their relative volumes and perceived loudness, and the use of silence or crossfades between tracks.

Dithering

  • This process is used when reducing the bit depth of your audio file.
  • It adds a low level of noise to avoid the distortion that can occur during bit depth reduction.
  • Although often seen as a means to an end, the correct use of dithering is an important aspect of a high-quality master.

Remember that mastering is a combination of both technical necessity and creative enhancement in the service of making a mix sound its best on all playback systems.