Software and Hardware: Digital

Section: Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)

DAWs provide a platform for recording, editing, mixing and mastering digital audio.
Familiarity with industry-standard DAWs such as Ableton Live, Logic Pro, Pro Tools and Cubase is integral.
DAWs utilise virtual instruments or soft synths that recreate or simulate the sound and characteristics of physical instruments.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data subject to editing within DAWs.
Automation allows changes over time for parameters such as volume, pan, and effects levels.
Plug-ins are software components that add specific features and effects to a DAW.
Understanding of audio file formats such as WAV, MP3, and FLAC is essential.

Section: Digital Hardware

Audio Interfaces convert analogue signals from microphones and instruments into digital data for processing within DAWs.
MIDI controllers and synthesizers trigger and control sounds, effects, and parameters within DAWs.
Digital mixers offer precise control over complex mix settings and allow for full automation.
Hard disk recorders (HDRs) are standalone devices that can capture high-quality audio data.

Section: Digital Processing and Effects

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) forms the backbone of any digital audio system.
DSP includes tasks such as EQ, compression, reverb, delay, and pitch correction.
Understanding the concepts of sample rate and bit depth is crucial for appreciating the quality of digital audio processing.
Digital audio effects can be either applied during the recording phase (destructive editing) or during the mixing phase (non-destructive editing).

Section: MIDI and Sequencing

MIDI is a protocol allowing synthesizers, controllers, and computers to communicate musical information.
MIDI data includes note pitch, duration, velocity, and other performance aspects.
Sequencers arrange MIDI data and/or digital audio into entire musical works.
Programming and editing MIDI data allow for fine-tuned control over virtual instruments.

Section: Digital Music Distribution

Digital technologies facilitate the distribution of music over the internet.
Understanding of digital distribution platforms such as Spotify, iTunes, and Bandcamp is crucial.
Knowledge of royalty, copyright, and licensing norms associated with digital distribution is important.