Researching Chemistry: Common Chemical Apparatus

Section 1: Essential Chemical Apparatus for Organic Chemistry

Beakers are simple containers most commonly used for mixing, stirring and heating liquids.
Test tubes are small cylindrical vessels used for conducting small-scale reactions or storing small amounts of substances.
Pipettes are tools used to transfer a measured volume of liquid.
A Bunsen burner is used as a heat source for heating materials and causing reactions.
Burette is a glass tube with a tap at the bottom, used for accurate measurement of liquid volumes.
The Conical flask has a cone-shaped body and a cylindrical neck, often used in titration, making solutions or collecting gases.

Section 2: Essential Apparatus for Distillation in Organic Chemistry

Distillation flask is used to heat substances or solutions and can be directly connected to condensing column for distillation procedures.
The Condenser is used to cool hot gases or vapours, condensing them into liquid.
Thermometer is important for monitoring the temperature during distillation process.
A Receiving flask, often a round-bottom flask, is used to collect the distilled product.

Section 3: Basic Apparatus for Chromatography in Organic Chemistry

Chromatography paper is used in paper chromatography to separate mixtures into their components.
An eluent or mobile phase is used to carry the molecules to be separated through the stationary phase.
The stationary phase can be a solid or a liquid supported on a solid.

Section 4: Apparatus for Spectroscopic Analysis in Organic Chemistry

Organic chemists use Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) to detect certain functional groups in organic compounds.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is employed to understand the structure of an organic compound, especially the carbon-hydrogen framework.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) provides information about the molecular weight of the compound and the nature of various fragments.

By understanding the important functions and uses of these lab equipments, experiments in organic chemistry can be carried out effectively and safely.