Identifying the purpose and audience of a text

Identifying the Purpose of a Text

Look for the central theme: What is the main precept that the text revolves around? Finding this theme will give you insight into the purpose of the text.
Consider the text format and structure: An informative article, a persuasive editorial, and a descriptive narrative have different purposes. The purpose often reflects in the format and structure.
Identify arguments or assertions: When a text is trying to persuade or argue, it generally presents clear viewpoints or claims. Pinpoint these to understand the text’s intention.
Evaluate use of evidence: The type (anecdotes, stats, quotes, etc.) and quantity of evidence used can indicate if the text is attempting to inform, persuade or entertain.

Identifying the Audience of a Text

Detect language level: The complexity of language, selection of words, and usage of jargon can hint at who the text is aimed at - children, teenagers, adults, or professionals in a particular field.
Assess subject matter: The topic or content can suggest the likely audience. Is the subject of universal interest, or is it specialised knowledge appealing to a specific group?
Spot cultural references: If the text includes cultural or local references, it might be targeting readers from a particular region or community. The audience might also be indicated by the context, currency, and relevance of these references.
Examine visual elements: Images, diagrams, or other visual aids can provide clues about the targeted readership. For example, colourful illustrations may suggest younger readers; complex graphs and charts might indicate an educated and specialised audience.

Connecting Purpose to Audience

Analyze tone and voice: How does the author address the audience? Are they formal, informal, authoritative, or conversational? This can link the intended purpose to the targeted audience.
Understand the relationship between content and reader need: Often, the purpose of a text is to cater to the needs, interests or questions of the intended audience. Does the content resolve a query, enlighten, or entertain the reader?

Remember, the purpose and audience are not always explicitly stated. They often must be inferred using contextual clues within the text. The more you practise, the better you’ll get at making these discernments swiftly and accurately.