Light and Sound

Light

Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and moves as a transverse wave.
It travels at 3x10^8 meter per second in a vacuum, the speed of light is universally constant regardless of the observer’s velocity or the source’s velocity.
Light can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted.
Reflection of light occurs when light bounces off an object. Laws of reflection state that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Refraction of light happens when it passes from one medium to another (of different density) and changes its speed and direction. Changes in speed can cause light to bend.
Diffraction refers to the spreading of light after passing through an aperture or around objects.
Light can interfere to produce bright and dark regions. This happens when two sources of light combine either constructively or destructively.
Polarisation is a unique property of light that allows it to oscillate in more than one direction.
The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. Visible light is a small part of it.

Sound is a form of energy that is produced by vibrations and requires a medium (such as air, water, or solids) to travel. It’s a longitudinal wave.
Sound’s speed depends on the medium. It’s faster in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.
Pitch is related to the frequency of a sound wave. Higher frequency results in a higher pitch, and a lower frequency results in a lower pitch.
The loudness or volume of sound is determined by the amplitude of the sound waves. Larger amplitudes result in louder sounds.
Sound can experience reflection, refraction, and diffraction similar to light.
Sound waves can interfere with each other to amplify or reduce the sound heard.
Sounds below 20 Hz are known as infrasound, while those above 20,000 Hz are known as ultrasound.
Doppler Effect describes the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

Both light and sound can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted and undergo interference.
While light travels as a transverse wave, sound travels as a longitudinal wave.
Light can travel through the vacuum of space, while sound requires a medium to travel.
Speed of light is much faster than the speed of sound.
Both light and sound can be measured and detected using various scientific devices.