The Link Between Stress and Physical Ill Health

Stress and Cardiovascular Health

Chronic stress can contribute to the development of cardiovascular problems, including high blood pressure and heart disease.
The ‘fight or flight’ response initiated by stress leads to a release of adrenaline and cortisol, which increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Prolonged elevation of these hormones can lead to wear and tear on the heart and blood vessels, potentially culminating in heart attack or stroke.

Stress and the Immune System

Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections, illnesses, and diseases.
Prolonged cortisol release during times of stress reduces the production of ‘good’ immune cells, disrupting the immune system’s balance and protective function.
Short-term stress may boost the immune system by preparing it to face an immediate challenge, but long-term stress has a detrimental effect.

Stress and Digestive System

Stress can cause a variety of digestion-related issues such as gastritis, ulcers, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
Increased adrenaline levels during stress situations reduce blood flow to the stomach, causing disruptions in digestion.
Chronic stress can also lead to changes in appetite —either an increase leading to obesity or a decrease leading to malnutrition, both of which contribute to ill health.

Stress and Musculoskeletal System

Chronic stress can lead to musculoskeletal problems such as tension headaches or migraines and chronic musculoskeletal pain.
When stressed, muscles tense up —constant muscle tension due to chronic stress can result in issues like back pain, shoulder pain, or tension headaches.
Stress may also contribute to inflammation of joints leading to chronic conditions like arthritis.

Stress and every day Physical Health

Prolonged stress can lead to disruptions in sleep patterns, causing insomnia, which has detrimental effects on physical health.
Stress can exacerbate existing medical conditions and may be linked with skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
It also contributes to poor lifestyle choices like smoking, drinking excessive alcohol, or eating an unhealthy diet, which further impact physical health.

In sum, the consistent state of ‘high alert’ that comes with chronic stress has broad-reaching, damaging impact on physical health. However, healthy coping mechanisms can help manage and mitigate the physical effects of stress.