Adjectives

In French, adjectives usually agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they modify.
Most adjectives add ‘-e’ for the feminine form and ‘-s’ for the plural form. For example, the masculine adjective ‘petit’ becomes ‘petite’ in the feminine form and ‘petits’ in the plural form.
Some adjectives have irregular forms for the feminine and plural versions - these must be memorised individually.

Unlike English, French adjectives usually come after the noun they modify. For example, ‘un chat noir’ translates to ‘a black cat’.
However, there are exceptions to this rule. Certain adjectives commonly precede the noun, such as ‘autre’ (other), ‘bon’ (good), ‘grand’ (big), ‘jeune’ (young), ‘joli’ (pretty), ‘mauvais’ (bad), ‘nouveau’ (new), ‘petit’ (small), ‘vieux’ (old).
When an adjective precedes a noun beginning with a vowel or silent ‘h’, contractions may occur to prevent vowel collision. Eg. ‘un vieil homme’ (an old man).

Comparatives are used to make comparisons. They can be formed by adding ‘plus’ (more), ‘moins’ (less) before, and ‘que’ (than) after the adjective. For example, ‘plus grand que’ (bigger than).
Superlatives express the highest or lowest degree. They’re formed by adding ‘le’, ‘la’, ‘l’‘ or ‘les’ before ‘plus’ or ‘moins’ and the adjective. For example, ‘le plus grand’ (the biggest).
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms, like ‘bon’ (good) which becomes ‘meilleur’ (better) and ‘le meilleur’ (the best).

Demonstrative adjectives in French are equivalent to ‘this’ or ‘that’ in English. They have to agree with the noun in gender and number.
They are ‘ce’ (masculine singular), ‘cette’ (feminine singular), ‘ces’ (plural). Before a vowel or a silent ‘h’, ‘ce’ becomes ‘cet’.
To distinguish between ‘this’ or ‘that’, you can add ‘-ci’ or ‘-là’ after the noun. For example, ‘cette pomme-ci’ (this apple) vs ‘cette pomme-là’ (that apple).