Quantifiers and Intensifiers

Quantifiers are used to give information about quantity and can modify nouns. Examples of common quantifiers include ‘beaucoup de’ (a lot of), ‘assez de’ (enough), ‘peu de’ (little), ‘trop de’ (too much), ‘quelques’ (a few), and ‘plusieurs’ (several).
Quantifiers agree with the noun they modify in both gender and number except when they precede ‘de/d’ ‘. For example, use ‘beaucoup de livres’ (a lot of books) regardless of the gender or number of the noun that follows.
Note some quantifiers have different meanings depending on whether they are used with countable or uncountable nouns. For example, ‘peu de’ with a countable noun expresses a small number, whereas with an uncountable noun it signifies a small quantity.

Intensifiers are words that modify and emphasise adjectives, adverbs, and other expressions. Common intensifiers include ‘très’ (very), ‘assez’ (quite), ‘tellement’ (so), ‘trop’ (too), ‘si’ (so), etc.
The position of intensifiers is crucial. They typically come just before the word they are modifying, for example, ‘Il est très intelligent’ (He is very smart) or ‘Elle est trop belle’ (She is too beautiful).
Be careful of their intensity of meaning. For example, ‘trop’ denotes an excessive amount, which can be negative. It isn’t simply a synonym for ‘very’.
Some words, like ‘bien’, can either be an adverb of quantity or an intensifier, depending on their function in a sentence. As an intensifier, ‘bien’ emphasizes a quality; as an adverb of quantity, it indicates a large amount.

In French, partitive articles ‘du’, ‘de la’, ‘de l’ ‘, and ‘des’ are used when the quantity is unknown or indefinite. The English equivalent is often ‘some’, or ‘any’ in negative sentences.
When used with a quantifier, the partitive article changes to ‘de’ or ‘d’ ‘. ‘Beaucoup de café’ translates to ‘a lot of coffee’.
After a negation, use ‘de’ or ‘d’ ‘ (not ‘de la’, ‘du’, or ‘des’). For example, ‘Je n’ai pas de frères’ (I don’t have any brothers). The same happens in expressions of quantity when not specified, e.g. ‘Il y a de la bière’ (There is some beer).

When used as a quantifier, ‘tout’ can mean ‘all’, ‘every’ or ‘the whole’. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it precedes. For example, ‘tout le gâteau’ (the whole cake, masculine singular), ‘tous les gâteaux’ (all the cakes, masculine plural), ‘toute la glace’ (all the ice cream, feminine singular), ‘toutes les glaces’ (all the ice creams, feminine plural).
‘Tout’ is followed by ‘de’ when used before an infinitive verb to express ‘everything’.-‘Il aime tout de elle’ (He loves everything about her).
Be aware that ‘tout’ can also be used as an intensifier to mean ‘very’ or ‘quite’. For example, ‘Elle est tout émue’ (She is all moved).