Other Constructions

Negative constructions in French usually consist of ‘ne/n’ and ‘pas’ but there are other words that can replace ‘pas’, depending on the context. For example, ‘jamais’ (never), ‘personne’ (no one), ‘rien’ (nothing) etc.
Generally, the ‘ne/n’ is placed before the verb and ‘pas’ or the other negative word after the verb. For instance, ‘Il ne mange pas’ (He does not eat), ‘Je n’ai jamais vu’ (I have never seen).
In spoken French, the ‘ne/n’ is often dropped. For instance, ‘Il mange pas’ (He does not eat).

‘Y’ is a French pronoun that usually translates to ‘there’ in English and is used to replace a previously-mentioned location preceded by the preposition “à”. For example, if you were saying ‘I’m going to the park. I’m going there.’, in French, you’d use ‘y’ to replace ‘the park’ in the second sentence. So it would be ‘Je vais au parc. J’y vais.’
‘En’ is another French pronoun, which replaces a phrase beginning with ‘de’. It’s often used to refer to a thing or a place previously mentioned. For example, ‘Veux-tu du café?’ ‘Oui, j’en veux.’ (Do you want some coffee? Yes, I want some.)

When the verb is followed by the preposition ‘à’ and a human object, the indirect object pronoun is used. For example, ‘Je donne le livre à Jean’ (I give the book to Jean) becomes ‘Je lui donne le livre’ (I give him the book).
The French indirect object pronouns are: ‘me’, ‘te’, ‘lui’, ‘nous’, ‘vous’, ‘leur’. Note that ‘lui’ can mean either ‘him’ or ‘her’ and ‘leur’ can mean either ‘them’ (masculine) or ‘them’ (feminine).

Direct object pronouns replace the direct object noun. The French direct object pronouns are: ‘me/m’ , ‘te/t’, ‘le/l’, ‘la/l’, ‘nous’, ‘vous’, ‘les’. For example, ‘Tu vois Jean ?’ becomes ‘Tu le vois ?’ meaning ‘Do you see him?’
Direct object pronouns usually precede the verb, except in affirmative commands. For example, ‘Explique ça !’ becomes ‘Explique-le !’.
When a sentence has both a direct and indirect object pronoun, the order is: me, te, nous, vous, le, la, les, lui, leur. For instance, ‘Je donne le livre à Jean’. ‘Je le lui donne.’ (I give it to him).