Alternatives to the Medical Model
Alternatives to the Medical Model
The Behavioural Model
- This model views abnormal behaviour as learned through processes of classical and operant conditioning.
- Main assumption: All behaviour is learned. Therefore, if behaviour could be unlearned, it is possible to replace it with new learned behaviours through treatment.
- Strength: Focusses on the ‘here and now’ which can make for highly practical therapies such as CBT.
The Cognitive Model
- This model places emphasis on the role of thoughts and cognitions, suggesting they play a key role in the development and maintenance of disorders.
- Main assumption: Cognitive maladaptations (unhelpful thinking styles) lead to mental health issues.
- Strength: Treatments such as CBT that aim to alter thinking patterns have been proven popular and effective.
The Psychodynamic Model
- This model promotes the idea that disorders stem from unresolved conflicts and traumas in childhood.
- Main assumption: Unresolved inner conflicts from childhood harmfully affect adult mental health.
- Limitation: This model has been criticised due to its strong focus on childhood experiences, overlooking possible biological and cognitive influences.
The Humanistic Model
- An alternative model that suggests each individual has the capacity to fulfil their potential, and mental illnesses occur when this potential is blocked.
- Main assumption: Mental illnesses arise when individuals are unable to actualise their potential due to barriers in their life.
- Strength: Treatments such as client-centred therapy focus on creating an environment where the person feels valued, which helps in promoting self-belief and self-growth.