The Behaviourist Perspective

The Behaviourist Perspective

Basics of the Behaviourist Perspective

• The Behaviourist Perspective focusses on the study of observable behaviours, rather than mental processes.
• It emphasises that learning is a process of conditioning, either classical or operant.
• Classic behaviourist theorists include Pavlov and Skinner.

Classical Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning involves learning by association.
• Pavlov’s experiments with dogs are a key example.
• Features include Unconditioned Stimulus (US), Unconditioned Response (UR), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), and Conditioned Response (CR).

Operant Conditioning

• Operant Conditioning involves learning through consequences.
• Key concepts include reinforcement (positive and negative) and punishment.
• Skinner’s box experiments with rats demonstrated these principles.

Theoretical and Empirical Basis

• The Behaviourist perspective is based on empirical evidence gathered through manipulation of environmental conditions.
• A key strength is its scientific nature; experiments are often quantifiable and replicable.
• However, a criticism is that it may oversimplify complex human behaviour by disregarding mental processes.

Real-World Applications

• Behaviourist theories are widely applied in behaviour modification techniques such as token economy systems.
• They’re also used in therapeutic techniques, like systematic desensitisation for treating phobias.

Interaction with Nature Vs Nurture Debate

• The Behaviourist Perspective sits firmly on the nurture side of the Nature Vs Nurture debate, attributing behavioural changes to environmental factors.
• This contrasts with biological perspectives, which focus more on the influence of genetics and nature.