Motivation (Cognitive)

Definition and Understanding

Motivation refers to the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours. It involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behaviour.

Intrinsic Motivation: This originates inside of a person and is driven by personal interest, fun, or pleasure in the task itself.
Extrinsic Motivation: This originates outside of the individual and often involves rewards such as prizes, money, social recognition or praise.
Self-Determination Theory (SDT): Emphasizes the importance of humans’ evolved inner resources for personality development and behavioural self-regulation.
Achievement Goal Theory: Indicates that the manner in which athletes interpret their performance and competence is dictated by their goal perspective.
Cognitive Evaluation Theory: A subtheory of SDT, posits that a person’s intrinsic motivation can be diminished by extrinsic rewards.

Perceived control and autonomy: Can lead to increased motivation.
Self-Efficacy: Belief in one’s own competence to successfully perform a task influences the level of effort and persistence exerted.
Goal-Setting: Clearly defined goals that are perceived as achievable and measurable can increase motivation.
Perception of Task Difficulty: Tasks that are perceived as too easy or too difficult can lead to disengagement and reduced motivation.
Fear of Failure vs. Desire to Succeed: Fear of failure can be demotivating, whereas the desire to succeed can be a powerful motivator.

Mastery Approach Goal-Setting: Focusing on personal improvement, skill development and mastery over the task.
Positive Self-Talk: Helps to maintain focus, improves self-efficacy and promotes positive thinking, thereby enhancing motivation.
Mental Imagery: Visualizing successful performance outcomes can increase self-confidence and motivation.
Peer Modeling: Seeing peers achieve goals can promote motivation through observational learning.
Self-Reflection: Regular self-reflexion can increase awareness of personal strengths, challenges, and progress, thereby enhancing motivation.