Forming Covalent Bonds

Forming Covalent Bonds

Sure, here are the parts broken down:

Properties of Metals

  • Metals are malleable and ductile: These are terms meaning metals can be bent and stretched into shape without breaking.
  • High melting and boiling points: This is because of the strong electromagnetic forces that exist between the metal atoms.
  • Excellent conductors of electricity and heat: This is because of the “sea” of free moving delocalized electrons present in the metal.

Ionic Compounds

  • High melting and boiling points: This is because of the strong attractive forces between the oppositely charged ions in an ionic lattice.
  • Generally soluble in water: This is because the polar water molecules help to pull the ions away from the lattice.
  • Conduct electricity when dissolved or melted: Once ions are free to move, they will carry charge and thus conduct electricity.

Covalent Substances

  • Low melting and boiling points (for simple molecules): This is because these substances consist of small molecules held together by weak forces.
  • Do not conduct electricity: Most covalent substances do not because they do not have free electrons or ions.
  • Insoluble in water (for most simple covalent molecules): This is because they cannot interact with water molecules effectively.

Ionic Bonding

  • Transfer of electrons: In an ionic bond, one atom donates an electron (or electrons) to another. This results in one negatively charged ion and one positively charged ion.
  • Formation of oppositely charged ions: These ions strongly attract each other, creating an ionic bond.
  • Formation of ionic compounds: These compounds are usually formed between metals and non-metals.

Structural Model for Giant Ionic Structures

  • They have a giant ionic lattice: This structure is repeating pattern of ions.
  • High melting and boiling points: A substantial amount of energy is needed to overcome the strong forces of attraction between ions.

Forming Covalent Bonds

  • Non-metal elements bond by sharing electrons: This to fill their outer electron shell.
  • Formation of molecules: Covalent bonds can create single, double, or triple bonds depending on the number of shared electron pairs.