Embedded Systems

Definition of Embedded Systems

• An embedded system is a computer system built to perform specific tasks or to control certain functions.
• Unlike general-purpose computer systems, embedded systems are designed to perform a specific task.
• These systems are ‘embedded’ into a complete device which includes hardware and mechanical parts.

Characteristics of Embedded Systems

• Embedded systems are designed for a specific function.
• They are typically designed to have low power requirements, as they often operate on a battery or have minimal energy access in their environment.
• They often have real-time performance constraints that must be met, for reliability and safety reasons.
• These systems are generally small in size, making them lightweight and portable.

Examples of Embedded Systems

• Examples of embedded systems include digital watches, MP3 players, traffic light controls, and washing machines.
• Anti-lock braking systems in cars and autopilot systems in airplanes are examples of real-time embedded systems.
• These systems can range from simple to very complex, depending on their specific function.

Embedded System’s Components

• Every embedded system comprises of three components: the input, processor, and the output.
• The input comes through sensors and the output could be anything from activating a motor to display on an LED screen.
• The processor is where changes are made to the input data so the output device can use it.

Programming Embedded Systems

• Embedded systems are usually programmed in low-level languages like C or Assembly, but high-level languages like Python and JavaScript can also be used.
• Using high-level languages can make coding easier but may not always be suitable due to system constraints.
• The main considerations when programming embedded systems are power consumption, speed, and memory.