Translators

Introduction to Translators

• In computing, translators refer to software that convert program code written in a high-level language into machine code that the computer can execute directly.
• The three main types of translators are: compilers, interpreters and assemblers.
• Each type of translator functions differently and is used in different contexts depending on the requirements of the program.

Compilers

• A compiler translates the entire high-level program code into machine code before the program is run.
• The output of a compiler is called the object code or executable code. It can be saved and run on its own.
• Compiled programs generally run faster as the translation process happens only once, before execution.
• However, debugging a compiled program can be harder because the error message may not directly match the source code.

Interpreters

• An interpreter translates the high-level program code into machine code line by line as the program is running.
• Interpreted programs can be easier to debug, as error messages directly link to a line of source code.
• However, they run slower compared to compiled programs, as interpretation happens during run-time.

Assemblers

• An assembler translates assembly language, a low-level programming language, into machine code.
• Each instruction in assembly language corresponds to exactly one machine instruction, so the translation process is simple and straightforward.
• Assembled programs are often used for system-level programming, where direct control over hardware is required.

Role in Software Development

• Translators play an essential part in software development. They allow programmers to write in high-level languages that are easier to understand and maintain, while still producing machine code that computers can execute.
• The choice of translator – whether it is a compiler, interpreter, or assembler – often depends on factors such as the programming language being used, execution speed requirements and ease of debugging.