Protocols

What are Protocols?

  • Protocols are defined as sets of rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network.
  • They specify the format and transmission sequence of the data, enabling computers to communicate with each other effectively.
  • Without protocols, sending and receiving data would be chaotic and unreliable.

Types of Protocols

  • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): This underlies most internet based communication. TCP verifies the correct delivery of data and IP directs the routing of data.
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Vastly used protocol that forms the foundation of any data exchange on the web.
  • HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): Secure version of HTTP, where communications are encrypted by Transport Layer Security.
  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files from one host to another over the internet.
  • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) and POP (Post Office Protocol): Both used to retrieve emails from a server.

Features of TCP/IP

  • Transfer of data in packets: Data is split into packets before they’re sent. Each packet has a header containing information about where it’s going and where it’s from.
  • Verification of delivery: TCP checks packets are received correctly. If a packet is lost or damaged, it is sent again.
  • Ordering and assembly of packets: TCP organises packets in the correct order once they reach their destination.

Features of HTTP and HTTPS

  • HTTP is stateless: This means it doesn’t remember anything about the previous web page after a new one is loaded.
  • HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP: All transfers of data and information are encoded, providing protection from cyber criminals.

Features of FTP, IMAP and POP

  • FTP uses TCP for data transmission, ensuring file transfers are reliable and secure.
  • Both IMAP and POP allow users to access their email from a remote server; however POP tends to download mails to a local server, whereas IMAP keeps emails on the server.

Importance of Protocols

  • Ensure smooth communication between devices on a network.
  • Reduce chances of data transmission errors.
  • Streamline and standardise data transmission processes globally, ensuring sea less interaction between different hardware and software systems.