Protecting Software Systems

Malware, a malicious software that is not beneficial for the user’s system. It includes viruses, worms, spyware, and ransomware.
Phishing, attempts to extract sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy source in an email or a website.
Social engineering, which involves manipulation to trick others into revealing confidential information.
Brute force attacks, trying numerous combinations until they find the correct one to gain access.

Risk Assessment, invloves identifying and assessing potential threats and vulnerabilities to protect the software system.
Contingency planning, readiness for unexpected events like cyber-attacks or hardware failure, helps in securing the data and software.

Biometric Security, this includes fingerprint scanning, retina scanners, and facial recognition which are hard to copy.
Smart Cards, a card with a built-in microprocessor, used for secure transactions or access control.
Security tokens, these are physical devices to gain access to an electronically restricted resource.

Firewall, a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
Encryption, a secure method to protect data by changing it into unreadable code, which can only be read with a unique key.
Antivirus software, detects and removes malicious software to keep systems safe.
Password protection and Two-factor authentication (2FA), adds additional layer of security by requiring not only a password and username, but also something that only the user has on them.

Data Protection Act, that involves necessary protection of individuals’ data.
Computer Misuse Act, which makes hacking and unauthorised access to computer material illegal.