Calculating Torque: T = Fr

Understanding Torque in Drive Systems

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object. In other words, it’s the force that sets something spinning.
The standard unit of measure for torque is the Newton metre (Nm). Other units such as pound-feet (lb-ft) are commonly used in certain industries.
Torque is a vector quantity, meaning it has both a magnitude (how much force is applied) and a direction (which way the force is applied).

Calculating Torque in Drive Systems

Torque is calculated using the formula T = Fr, where T represents torque, F stands for the force applied, and r denotes the distance from the point of application of the force to the axis of rotation, typically referred to as the radius or lever arm.
All elements of the formula have to be in the proper units. For instance, the force (F) should be in newtons (N) and the radius (r) should be in metres (m) when calculating the torque in Newton metres (Nm).
It’s critical to consider that the force in this equation needs to be the force applied perpendicular to the direction of the lever arm. If the force isn’t applied perpendicularly, the useful force will be represented by Fsinθ, where θ is the angle between the direction of the force and the lever arm.

Important Aspects of Torque in Drive Systems

A high torque output at low RPMs (revolutions per minute) allows a vehicle to start moving from a standstill and handle heavy loads.
When a force is applied at a greater distance from the axis of rotation, it produces a greater torque. This principle is often used when using tools like spanners or wrenches to make tasks easier.
Torque and rotational speed are related by the power equation: P = Tω where P is power, T is torque, and ω is angular speed in rad/s. This means that when torque increases, for power to remain constant, the rotational speed must decrease and vice versa.
Components in a drive system such as gears and driveshafts must be robust enough to withstand the torque they experience. Otherwise, they are likely to fail, potentially causing severe damage.