The impact of socialisation on the formation of identity

The Role of Socialisation in the Formation of Identity

Socialisation is the process by which an individual learns the norms, values, behaviours, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.
Socialisation plays a pivotal role in developing an individual’s sense of personal identity and is fundamental to our sense of self.
The process of socialisation influences how we perceive ourselves and how we fit into society - this includes our gender identity, cultural identity, and social class identity.

Types of Socialisation and Their Impact on Identity Formation

Primary socialisation is the first stage of socialisation, typically occurring within the family. This stage significantly shapes our self-concept, beliefs and values, which are integral parts of our identity.
During primary socialisation, children learn language, norms and values, and roles that shape their initial identity.
Secondary socialisation involves learning what is the appropriate behaviour within smaller sections of the larger society. This includes areas such as religious, professional and academic groups.
The secondary socialisation process enables individuals to develop a more complex, multi-faceted identity that is adaptable to different social contexts.

Socialisation and the Formation of Gender Identity

Socialisation plays a crucial role in shaping our gender identity, which is our innermost sense of being male or female.
From a young age, children are typically socialised into traditional gender roles, influencing their later identity, behaviours and attitudes.
For example, girls might be encouraged to play with dolls and boys with action figures, reflecting societal gender norms.

Role of Agents of Socialisation in Identity Formation

Agents of socialisation, such as family, peers, school and the media, all contribute to the shaping of an individual’s identity.
The family provides the earliest exposure to socialisation and greatly influences attitudes and behaviours, sometimes reinforcing societal or cultural norms.
Schools offer an environment away from the home where socialisation takes place in a structured and formal manner.
Peer groups provide a sense of belonging and acceptance, quickening the development of individual identities separate from family.
The media can influence identity by shaping perceptions and providing information and values, often reinforcing societal norms.

Cultural Socialisation and Identity

During socialisation, individuals learn about their cultural heritage and history, practices, customs and traditions.
Mastery over this knowledge allows individuals to affirm their cultural identities and play meaningful roles within their cultural communities.
Understanding one’s cultural heritage contributes significantly to a sense of self and a personal identity that is in sync with the cultural identity.