features, strengths, weaknesses of consensus and conflict theories

Consensus Theory: Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses

Features

Consensus theories propose that society is based on shared values and norms into which members are socialised. They focus on social order and stability.
Key consensus theories include functionalism and structural functionalism, which perceive society as a system, with each part serving a specific function.
Typically, these theories argue that social norms and values are not imposed but agreed upon, allowing for the general harmonious functioning of society.

Strengths

They provide comprehensive models capable of describing large aspects of society, such as institutions and their roles.
They acknowledge the importance of shared values and norms for societal function and harmony.
They emphasise on societal cooperation and collective responsibility.

Weaknesses

They tend to overlook the vested interests, power relations, and potential for conflict in society.
They often assume that all parts of society are equally important and functional, which may not always be the case.
They may be overly deterministic and downplay individual agency and diversity.

Conflict Theory: Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses

Features

Conflict theories emphasise societal discord, with a focus on power dynamics, inequalities, and conflicts of interest.
Key conflict theories include Marxism and feminism, which highlight the dominant-subordinate relationships and struggles between social groups.
Conflict theories view societal change often as a consequence of conflict, rather than a result of consensus.

Strengths

They highlight the importance of power dynamics and social inequality, providing tools to critique and potentially change social structures.
They promote an understanding of societal change and transformation, acknowledging societal discord as a catalyst for change.
They give a voice to marginalised groups and challenge the status quo, often encouraging social justice and equality.

Weaknesses

They can be critiqued for being overly negative and for overemphasising conflict at the expense of cooperation and stability.
They might oversimplify complex societal dynamics by framing them solely through the lens of conflict.
While empowering for marginalised groups, these theories may be less appealing to those benefiting from existing power structures.