Similarities and differences between theories

Similarities Between Sociological Theories

All sociological theories offer a framework to view, understand, and analyse societal operations, patterns and behaviour.
Each theory is primarily interested in how society influences individuals, and how individuals, in turn, influence society.
The theories all examine the causes and effects of social order, although they may interpret and explain it differently.
There is a shared focus on exploring the reasons for social change and its impact on society and individuals.

Differences Between Sociological Theories

Functionalism vs Marxism

While Functionalism sees society as a connected system working harmoniously for the wellbeing of everyone, Marxism believes society is marked by class conflicts with the wealthy class exploiting the workers.

Interactionism vs Functionalism

Interactionism focuses on individual and small group interactions and how they give meaning to society, while Functionalism pays attention to larger structures and systems of the society.

Feminism vs Functionalism

Feminism highlights gender inequalities as a central aspect of society, critiquing patriarchal norms, whereas Functionalism tends to see traditional gender roles as part of the necessary equilibrium within society.

Postmodern Perspective vs Traditional Theories

The Postmodern perspective sees society as no longer guided by comprehensive grand narratives or absolute truths, challenging traditional theories like Functionalism and Marxism which propose overarching structures or conflicts as entirely shaping our societal experiences.

Conflict Theory vs Structural Functionalism

Conflict theory emphasises societal tension and competition over resources, contending that such conflict leads to social change. On the other hand, Structural functionalism posits that society’s parts work together for stability and unity, largely glossing over inherent socio-economic disparities.

Symbolic Interactionism vs Social Action Theory

Symbolic Interactionism centres on how individuals impart meaning to their social actions through interaction, while Social Action Theory focuses on how these individual actions contribute to larger societal constructs.