Cell Structure and Organisation

Cell Structure and Organisation

Cell Structure and Functions

• All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life.
• Cells have different parts called organelles, each with a specific function.

Nucleus

• The nucleus controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA).

Cytoplasm

• The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and hosts various metabolic reactions.

Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane surrounds the cell, controls what goes in and out, protecting the cell and maintaining its shape.

Mitochondria

• The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, where energy is produced.

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

• Both animals and plants are composed of eukaryotic cells, but there are some key differences.

Chloroplasts

• Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, which are not present in animal cells.

Cell Wall

• Outside of the cell membrane, plant cells have a cell wall providing extra support and shape.

Vacuole

• Plant cells have a large central vacuole storing water and nutrients, while animal cells have smaller ones.

Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems

• A tissue is a group of similar cells working together.

• An organ is a group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

• A system is a group of organs working together to maintain the body. For example, the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body.