Methods of Birth Control in Humans

Natural Methods

Abstinence: Simply put, abstinence refers to not having sex. It is the only 100% guarantee against pregnancy.
Rhythm or Calendar method: Involves tracking the menstrual cycle to avoid sex on the days when a woman is most fertile.
Temperature method: Identifies a slight rise in body temperature that accompanies ovulation, allowing individuals to avoid intercourse during fertile periods.

Barrier Methods

Condoms: Condoms are a barrier method that prevents sperm from reaching the egg. They are also the only birth control method that helps protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Dams: A dam can be used during oral sex to protect against STIs.
Diaphragms: These shallow cups made of silicone are inserted into the vagina before sex to stop sperm from joining an egg.

Hormonal Methods

Birth Control Pills: These contain hormones to prevent ovulation and therefore pregnancy. They need to be taken daily.
Patch: The birth control patch sticks to your skin to prevent ovulation. It releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream.
Injections: Hormonal injections prevent ovulation. You only need to have the injection every 12 weeks.
Implants: A tiny rod insert under the skin that releases hormones for up to 3 years.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

Copper IUD: A small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus. It immobilises sperm and prevents it from joining an egg.
Hormonal IUD: A small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus. It releases progestin, a hormone that prevents ovulation.

Sterilisation

Vasectomy: In this surgical procedure, the tubes that carry sperm from a man’s testicles are cut or blocked.
Tubal ligation: This is a surgery women can get that blocks off the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.

Emergency Contraceptive Pills

Sometimes referred to as the ‘morning-after pill’, can be used to prevent pregnancy up to five days after unprotected sex.

Remember, different methods of birth control are suitable for different individuals and situations. You should speak to a healthcare professional to help choose the right method for you.