Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Definition and Overview

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections that are mainly passed from person to person through sexual contact.
There are many different types of STIs, including HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and genital herpes.
Some STIs can also be spread through non-sexual means such as via blood or from mother to baby during pregnancy and childbirth.

Causes and Transmission

STIs are usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
They can be transmitted through all types of sexual activity - not just sexual intercourse, but also oral and anal sex, and sometimes close genital contact.
Many STIs are more easily passed on through unprotected sex, i.e., sex without a condom.

Symptoms and Effects

Some STIs have noticeable symptoms, but others may not, making it possible for people to pass them on without knowing they are infected.
Symptoms can vary widely but may include rashes, sores, discharge, unusual bleeding, pain during sex or urination, and lower abdominal pain.
If left untreated, STIs can cause serious health problems, including infertility, problems during pregnancy and increased risk of getting another STI such as HIV.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent STIs is to refrain from sexual activity or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.
The usage of condoms can greatly reduce, but not entirely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STIs.
Regular testing for STIs can ensure early detection and treatment.

Treatment

Some STIs, particularly those caused by bacteria, can be effectively treated with antibiotics if identified early.
For viral STIs, treatments can manage symptoms and there may be vaccines to protect against some. However, currently, there is no cure for many viral STIs, such as HIV and herpes.

Remember, early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing the long-term health problems that STIs can cause. Regular check-ups, safe sex practices, including the use of condoms, and being honest with healthcare providers and partners about sexual activity, can significantly reduce the risks associated with STIs.