Introduction to Geometric Proof

A geometric proof is a method of establishing the truth of a geometric proposition by using a set of established rules based on previously accepted or proven propositions.
Geometric proofs utilise axioms or postulates, which are statements accepted as true without requiring further proof, and theorems, which are propositions that need to be proven on the basis of established postulates.

Components of a Geometric Proof

Each geometric proof starts with a given statement which is the known information.
The proof method requires identifying the goal statement you need to prove.
You construct a logical argument to link the given statement to the goal statement.
The argument consists of a series of steps, each of which must be justified by a postulate, axiom, definition, or previously proven theorem.

A two-column proof is the most classical form of proof. You write the steps of the proof in the left column and the reasons for taking each step in the right column.
A paragraph proof is written in paragraph form. It can be less structured than a two-column proof but must contain all the steps needed to move from the given statement to the goal statement.
Informal proofs are a loose construction of logic or sample drawing. These proofs lack the structure of the two-column and paragraph methods but are a good starting point when first learning about geometric proofs.

Begin with the given statement and consider the goal statement you need to prove.
Identify what theorems and properties you can use to create a series of linked statements starting with the given statement and ending with the goal statement.
Write each step, making sure to justify each one. Double-check that each step follows logically from the one before it.
The final step of your proof should be the goal statement.

Familiarize yourself with core geometry concepts, including parallel and perpendicular lines, triangles, circles, and polygons.
Thoroughly understand the properties of geometric shapes, as these are frequently used to justify steps in geometric proofs.
Be comfortable working with angles and practise using definitions and theorems related to angles.

Practice regularly to understand the logical flow of mathematical arguments.
Draw a diagram if one is not provided. Visual representation can greatly aid understanding.
If the path to the goal is not immediately apparent, try considering intermediate goals.
Write clearly and concisely, but be sure every step is justified.
Remember, mastering geometric proofs requires time and persistence but it will significantly enhance your analytical thinking skills.