Upland habitat types and their characteristics

Upland Moors

Characterised by a covering of heather, gorse, and other low-lying shrubs.
High levels of peat, which provides a unique and often acidic soil quality.
Home to a variety of bird species, including grouse, golden eagles, and buzzards.
Limited woodland coverage due to the harsh environment, with small patches of sessile oak trees.
Often used for rough grazing, with sheep and deer being the most common livestock.
Sensitive habitats requiring effective management to prevent erosion and overgrazing.

Upland Heaths

Shared features with moors including the prevalence of heather and gorse.
Distinct due to the presence of common upland grasses such as purple moor-grass and mat-grass.
Housing unique insect and bird populations, including nightjar and adders.
Regularly exposed to controlled burning as part of the habitat management practices which promotes diversity in the vegetation.

Mountainous Regions

Characterised by high altitudes, steep slopes, and rocky outcrops.
Sparse vegetation due to harsh weather conditions and poor nutrient availability.
Predominate plants include alpines, grasses and mosses.
Hosts specially adapted wildlife such as snow hare, ptarmigan, and mountain ringlet butterfly.
Often contain important geological features and are areas of significant scientific interest.

Blanket Bogs

Highly waterlogged peatlands typically covered by a ‘blanket’ of peat.
Defined by sphagnum mosses, cotton grass, and other bog species.
Particular importance for carbon storage, due to accumulation of decomposed plant material.
Not suited for farming or building developments, they have managed to remain in a relatively undisturbed state.
Hosts unique insectivorous plants like sundews and butterworts.

Upland River Systems

Network of rivers and streams shaped by high rainfall and steep slopes.
Support a range of adapted aquatic species, such as trout and otters.
Important for farming and local settlements, as source of fresh water.
May contain unique features such as waterfalls, gorges, and alluvial fans.
Flood management critical in these areas to prevent harm to human settlements and infrastructure.

Remember, for each habitat, understanding the underlying abiotic factors (like altitude, rainfall, and soil type) which shape these ecosystems is vital. Alongside this, appreciating the plants and animals for which these habitats are home and practices that manage and conserve their biodiversity.