Comprehension and analysis of texts

Section I - Comprehending the Text

Always start by giving the text an initial read-through to get an overall understanding of the content.
Note down key details such as the author’s main argument or purpose, the type of text (article, poem, novel excerpt etc.), and the intended audience.
Pay attention to the title and introductions, these usually provide clues to the overall message of the text.

Section II - Analyzing Structure and Style

Look at how the text is organised. Does it follow a chronological sequence? Are contrasts used to make points?
Identify the author’s writing style - is it formal or informal? Does it rely heavily on descriptions, or is it more dialogue-based?
Note any distinct literary devices, such as metaphors, similes, alliteration etc., and try to understand their purpose within the text.

Section III - Analysing Language

Look at the language choices made by the author. What kind of vocabulary is used? Is it accessible or specialised? Is there jargon?
Determine the tone of the text. Is it serious, sarcastic, humorous, or dramatic?
Analyse verb tenses and pronouns used. How do they contribute to the meaning of the text?

Section IV - Interpreting Meaning

Draw conclusions from the text based on your understanding of the author’s message or viewpoint.
Understand any underlying themes or motifs present in the text.
Evaluate any persuasive strategies that the author has used - appeals to emotion, use of evidence, logical reasoning etc.

Section V - Applying Analysis

Deductive reasoning: Draw conclusions about an entire work based on a specific part of it.
Inductive reasoning: Use a single instance to draw conclusions about the overall work.
Comparative analysis: Compare and contrast two different works or two different sections of the same work.

Remember, understanding a text deeply requires repeated, thoughtful reading. Take time to reflect on the author’s choices and their effects on the text as a whole. Regular practice and persistent analysis will improve your comprehension and analytical skills over time.